Page 51 - FoodFocusThailand No.237 December 2025

STRONG QC & QA

liquid, and gaseous samples. It requires minimal sample
preparation and provides results much faster than many other
analytical techniques. Consequently, it has been widely applied
in fields such as materials analysis, forensic investigations,
and non-invasive substance analysis without opening
packaging.
Vafakhah et al. (2023) applied Raman Spectroscopy
combined with Chemometrics to develop a rapid, non-
destructive, and accurate method for rice quality control
and contamination detection. Raman Spectroscopy
precisely analyzes the molecular composition of rice, while
Chemometrics—particularly classification models such as
Supervised Kohonen Map (SKM) and PLS-DA—processes
complex spectral data to accurately classify rice varieties and
ภาพที่่� 2 ขั�นตอนการดัดแปลงขั�วไฟฟ้าค่าร์บอนพิิมพิ์สำกร่นและการตรึง detect contamination. The integration of these techniques
เอนไซม์อะซิติลโค่ล่นเอสำเตอเรสำสำำาหรับใชุ้ตรวจวัดสำารค่ลอร์ไพิริฟอสำ provides a proficiency instrument for regulatory authorities
(Chlorpyrifos) อย่างรวดเร็ว and the food industry, enabling effective quality inspection of
Figure 2 Schematic of the modification process of the screen-printed product integrity and fraud prevention within the rice supply
carbon electrode and immobilization of the enzyme chain.
acetylcholinesterase for rapid detection of chlorpyrifos.
ที่่�มา / Source: Tun et al. (2023)

of AFB1, the toxin interferes with this aggregation, causing a
color variation that can be observed visually or instrumentally,
directly indicating the concentration of AFB1. This method
detects AFB1 in the range of 6.25–200 ng/mL, with a
detection limit of 4.18 ng/mL, and requires only 5 minutes
for analysis. Consequently, this technique provides a rapid,
cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative
for preliminary screening of contaminants in the food ภาพที่่� 3 แผนผังของชุุดการทดลองสำำาหรับการหาค่่าสำเปกตรัม NIR
industry. ภายใต้สำภาวะการเค่ล่�อนท่�ท่�แตกต่างกัน
The application of these techniques enhances testing Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for acquiring
efficiency, enabling analysis of large sample volumes within NIR spectra under different motion conditions.
a short time. This allows production processes to proceed ที่่�มา / Source: Ozturk et al. (2023)
continuously and facilitates faster product release. Moreover,
these techniques provide real-time results, enabling early
detection of abnormal trends or nonconforming results and Challenges and Validation of RTMs
supporting timely corrective actions before issues affect the • Validation requirements: Implementation of RTMs
final products. requires validation of testing methods to ensure results are
equivalent to or better than standard methods. Validation
Application of Rapid Chemical and Spectroscopy focuses on two main aspects: equipment evaluation and
Techniques sample-type evaluation, to confirm consistency and reliability
Rapid spectroscopy techniques, such as Near-Infrared of results before integrating the method into the quality system.
Spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, have gained • Challenges in accuracy and reliability: Malpractices
popularity for chemical and physical analysis in quality from RTMs testing may lead to false-positive or false-negative
inspection of raw materials and products across industries. results. Therefore, QA system must be established, including
NIR utilizes light waves in the near-infrared region and is assessment of operator performance, test kit quality, sampling,
recognized as a powerful non-destructive analytical method. testing procedures, and result interpretation. To ensure that
It allows fast and convenient analysis, making it suitable for test results are accurate, precise, and reliable.
determining the chemical composition of agricultural products RTMs are innovations that enhance testing efficiency
and assessing food raw material quality. in production and quality control by reducing testing time
A study by Ozturk et al. (2023) developed a non- without compromising accuracy or precision. They strengthen
destructive, real-time quality inspection method for powdered QC/QA systems and mitigate potential risks—especially when
foods designed for use in continuous production processes. integrated with Industry 4.0 technologies such as AI, IoT,
The method integrates NIRS to collect physicochemical Big Data, and Automation. RTMs enable real-time quality
spectral data of moving powder samples with machine inspection, automated decision-making, and faster product
learning models (e.g., PLS-DA and SVM) to classify different release, paving the way for the Thai industry to fully transition
types of powdered foods. The results showed that this into the smart factory era.
approach could effectively distinguish 25 types of powdered
food with high accuracy (91.68–99.52%) at rapid processing
speeds of 0.017–0.068 m/s (Figure 3).
Raman Spectroscopy analyzes the molecular
structure of substances and can be applied to solid, More Information Service Info C008

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